References & Evidence Base

All clinical information on TheGPManual is sourced from internationally recognised guidelines, peer-reviewed literature, and Pakistan-specific national programmes. Below is the complete reference list organised by module.

42 References Last reviewed 2024 For professional use only

Medical Disclaimer: TheGPManual is a clinical reference tool intended for use by qualified healthcare professionals. Information is based on current guidelines at time of publication. Always verify critical clinical decisions against the most recent guidelines, local protocols, and specialist consultation. Drug doses and protocols may vary based on individual patient factors. The authors and publishers accept no liability for clinical decisions made solely on the basis of this reference.

Emergency Protocols

8 sources
[1]

Anaphylaxis – Emergency Management

World Allergy Organization (WAO)2023
[2]

Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)

American Heart Association (AHA)2020
[3]

Acute Severe Asthma Management

Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA)2024
[4]

Stroke – FAST Protocol & Acute Management

American Stroke Association / ESO2023
[5]

Status Epilepticus Management

Epilepsy Foundation / NICE2022
[6]

Hypoglycemia & DKA Initial Management

American Diabetes Association (ADA)2024
[7]

Hypertensive Emergency

European Society of Hypertension (ESH)2023
[8]

Septic Shock – Surviving Sepsis Campaign

Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM)2021

Drug Database

8 sources
[1]

British National Formulary (BNF)

NICE / BMJ Group2024
[2]

WHO Model Formulary

World Health Organization2023
[3]

Pakistan National Formulary (PNF)

Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP)2022
[4]

Antibiotic Stewardship Guidelines

WHO / Pakistan NTP2023
[5]

Renal Drug Handbook

Oxford University Press2023
[6]

Cardiovascular Drug Therapy

ESC / ACC/AHA Joint Guidelines2023
[7]

GINA Inhaler Therapy Guidelines

Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA)2024
[8]

H. pylori Treatment Consensus

Maastricht VI / Florence Consensus2022

Pediatric Dosing

4 sources
[1]

BNF for Children (BNFc)

NICE / RCPCH / NPPG2024
[2]

WHO Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children

World Health Organization2022
[3]

Pakistan Pediatric Association (PPA) Guidelines

Pakistan Pediatric Association2023
[4]

Pediatric Fever Management

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)2023

Pregnancy Safety

5 sources
[1]

Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation (Briggs)

Briggs, Freeman & Towers – Wolters Kluwer2023
[2]

FDA Pregnancy & Lactation Labeling Rule (PLLR)

U.S. Food & Drug Administration2023
[3]

SOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines

Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada2023
[4]

Diabetes in Pregnancy – ADA Standards

American Diabetes Association2024
[5]

ACE Inhibitors / ARBs in Pregnancy

European Medicines Agency (EMA)2022

Clinical Algorithms

7 sources
[1]

Hypertension Management Guidelines

ESH/ESC 2023 & JNC 82023
[2]

Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm

ADA / EASD Consensus Report2024
[3]

Chest Pain Triage – HEART Score

European Heart Journal / ACC2023
[4]

Acute Diarrhea Management

WHO / ESPGHAN2022
[5]

UTI Management Guidelines

European Association of Urology (EAU)2023
[6]

Asthma Step Therapy

GINA 20242024
[7]

Fever Workup in Adults

NICE CG143 / UpToDate2023

Lab Reference

5 sources
[1]

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine – Lab Values

McGraw-Hill Medical2022
[2]

WHO Laboratory Reference Ranges

World Health Organization2023
[3]

HbA1c Interpretation – ADA

American Diabetes Association2024
[4]

Lipid Profile Interpretation

ACC/AHA Cholesterol Guidelines2023
[5]

Thyroid Function Tests – ATA Guidelines

American Thyroid Association2023

TB & NTP Pakistan

2 sources
[1]

National TB Control Programme (NTP) Pakistan Guidelines

Government of Pakistan – Ministry of National Health Services2023
[2]

WHO TB Treatment Guidelines

World Health Organization2022

CME & Examinations

3 sources
[1]

PMDC Continuing Medical Education Framework

Pakistan Medical & Dental Council (PMDC)2023
[2]

MRCGP International Curriculum

Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP)2024
[3]

MCPS Family Medicine Curriculum

College of Physicians & Surgeons Pakistan (CPSP)2023

How We Use These References

Regular Updates

Content is reviewed annually and updated when major guideline changes are published by WHO, ADA, ESC, GINA, and PMDC.

Pakistan Context

International guidelines are adapted for Pakistan using DRAP, NTP, and PPA recommendations to reflect locally available drugs and resources.

Clinical Validation

All protocols are reviewed by practising General Practitioners and Family Physicians before publication to ensure practical applicability.

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