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Evidence-Based Clinical Articles

GP Clinical Blog

Practical, NICE-aligned clinical articles written for General Practitioners. From drug prescribing to emergency protocols — stay current with evidence-based primary care.

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Hypertension Management in General Practice: A Complete 2025 Guide
Cardiovascular12 min read

Hypertension Management in General Practice: A Complete 2025 Guide

Hypertension affects over 1.28 billion adults worldwide and remains the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This comprehensive guide covers the latest NICE NG136 updates, threshold targets, drug selection algorithms, and management of resistant hypertension in primary care.

HypertensionNICE NG136Cardiovascular
Dr. Sarah MitchellDr. Sarah Mitchell10 Mar
Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care: From Diagnosis to Insulin Initiation
Endocrinology14 min read

Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care: From Diagnosis to Insulin Initiation

Type 2 diabetes affects over 537 million adults globally. This guide covers the complete GP management pathway — from HbA1c-based diagnosis and lifestyle intervention through metformin initiation, SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, and insulin initiation protocols.

DiabetesT2DMHbA1c
Dr. James OkaforDr. James Okafor15 Feb
Atrial Fibrillation in General Practice: Detection, Anticoagulation & Rate Control
Cardiovascular11 min read

Atrial Fibrillation in General Practice: Detection, Anticoagulation & Rate Control

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, affecting 2–4% of the general population and rising sharply with age. This guide covers opportunistic detection, CHA₂DS₂-VASc scoring, DOAC selection, rate vs rhythm control, and when to refer.

Atrial FibrillationAFAnticoagulation
Dr. Sarah MitchellDr. Sarah Mitchell20 Jan
Antibiotic Prescribing in General Practice: A Stewardship Guide
Infectious Diseases13 min read

Antibiotic Prescribing in General Practice: A Stewardship Guide

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest threats to global health. GPs prescribe approximately 80% of all antibiotics in the UK. This guide covers evidence-based prescribing for the most common GP infections — RTIs, UTIs, skin infections, and ear/throat conditions — with NICE-aligned protocols.

AntibioticsAntimicrobial StewardshipUTI
Dr. Priya NairDr. Priya Nair5 Apr
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Primary Care: QRISK3, Statins & Beyond
Cardiovascular10 min read

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Primary Care: QRISK3, Statins & Beyond

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death globally. QRISK3 is the validated tool for 10-year CVD risk estimation in UK primary care. This guide covers who to screen, how to interpret QRISK3, statin prescribing thresholds, and lifestyle interventions.

Cardiovascular RiskQRISK3Statins
Dr. Sarah MitchellDr. Sarah Mitchell12 May
ECG Interpretation for GPs: A Systematic Approach to the 12-Lead ECG
Cardiology15 min read

ECG Interpretation for GPs: A Systematic Approach to the 12-Lead ECG

The 12-lead ECG is one of the most powerful diagnostic tools in general practice. This systematic guide covers rate, rhythm, axis, P waves, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segments, and T waves — with a focus on the patterns GPs must not miss.

ECGElectrocardiogramSTEMI
Dr. Marcus ChenDr. Marcus Chen1 Jun
Managing Depression and Anxiety in General Practice: A Practical Guide
Mental Health12 min read

Managing Depression and Anxiety in General Practice: A Practical Guide

Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health conditions in primary care, affecting 1 in 4 people at some point in their lives. This guide covers validated screening tools, NICE-aligned stepped care, antidepressant selection, and crisis pathway management.

DepressionAnxietyPHQ-9
Dr. Amara OseiDr. Amara Osei8 Jul
Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: Staging, Monitoring & Slowing Progression
Nephrology11 min read

Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: Staging, Monitoring & Slowing Progression

CKD affects approximately 10% of the global population and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal failure. This guide covers KDIGO staging, monitoring intervals, ACEi/ARB prescribing, anaemia of CKD, and referral criteria for primary care.

CKDChronic Kidney DiseaseeGFR
Dr. James OkaforDr. James Okafor20 Aug
Paediatric Fever Assessment in General Practice: The NICE Traffic Light System
Paediatrics10 min read

Paediatric Fever Assessment in General Practice: The NICE Traffic Light System

Fever is the most common reason for paediatric GP consultations. The NICE NG143 traffic light system provides a validated framework for risk stratification. This guide covers the green/amber/red system, serious bacterial infection recognition, meningococcal disease, and when to admit.

PaediatricsFeverNICE NG143
Dr. Priya NairDr. Priya Nair15 Sept
Low Back Pain in General Practice: Evidence-Based Assessment and Management
Musculoskeletal10 min read

Low Back Pain in General Practice: Evidence-Based Assessment and Management

Low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide and one of the most common presentations in general practice. This guide covers red flag screening, the biopsychosocial model, analgesia ladder, physiotherapy referral, and avoiding the imaging trap.

Low Back PainMSKRed Flags
Dr. Marcus ChenDr. Marcus Chen5 Oct
Thyroid Disorders in General Practice: Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism & Nodules
Endocrinology11 min read

Thyroid Disorders in General Practice: Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism & Nodules

Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine conditions in primary care. This guide covers TSH interpretation, hypothyroidism management with levothyroxine, hyperthyroidism (Graves disease, toxic nodule), subclinical thyroid disease, and thyroid nodule assessment.

ThyroidHypothyroidismHyperthyroidism
Dr. Amara OseiDr. Amara Osei12 Nov
Sepsis Recognition and Management in General Practice: The NEWS2 Approach
Emergency9 min read

Sepsis Recognition and Management in General Practice: The NEWS2 Approach

Sepsis kills approximately 11 million people globally each year. Early recognition and the Sepsis Six bundle within the first hour significantly reduce mortality. This guide covers NEWS2 scoring, sepsis red flags, the Sepsis Six, and safe transfer from primary care.

SepsisNEWS2Emergency
Dr. Sarah MitchellDr. Sarah Mitchell1 Dec

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